-ed Endings Pronunciation
Master the three different pronunciations of -ed endings in English regular verbs. Practice with real-time feedback and improve your past tense pronunciation.
Quick Rules
The pronunciation of -ed depends on the final sound of the base verb:
🔇Use /t/ after voiceless consonants (p, k, f, s, sh, ch, th)
🔊Use /d/ after voiced consonants (b, g, v, z, l, m, n, r) and vowels
🔄Use /ɪd/ after /t/ and /d/ sounds (creates extra syllable)
Pronunciation
Difficulty
Category
Showing 198 words
Total: 198 words🔇/t/ Sound
66 words
Beginner(22 words)
/wɜrkt/
“worked”
Base: work → worked. Avoid: worked-ed
/hɛlpt/
“helped”
Base: help → helped. Avoid: helped-ed
/lʊkt/
“looked”
Base: look → looked. Avoid: looked-ed
/wɔkt/
“walked”
Base: walk → walked. Avoid: walked-ed
/tɔkt/
“talked”
Base: talk → talked. Avoid: talked-ed
/kʊkt/
“cooked”
Base: cook → cooked. Avoid: cooked-ed
/æskt/
“asked”
Base: ask → asked. Avoid: asked-ed
/laɪkt/
“liked”
Base: like → liked. Avoid: liked-ed
/stɑpt/
“stopped”
Base: stop → stopped. Avoid: stopped-ed
/wɑtʃt/
“watched”
Base: watch → watched. Avoid: watched-ed
/beɪkt/
“baked”
Base: bake → baked. Avoid: baked-ed
/fɪkst/
“fixed”
Base: fix → fixed. Avoid: fixed-ed
/mɪkst/
“mixed”
Base: mix → mixed. Avoid: mixed-ed
/pɪkt/
“picked”
Base: pick → picked. Avoid: picked-ed
/pækt/
“packed”
Base: pack → packed. Avoid: packed-ed
/tʃɛkt/
“checked”
Base: check → checked. Avoid: checked-ed
/lɑkt/
“locked”
Base: lock → locked. Avoid: locked-ed
/pɑrkt/
“parked”
Base: park → parked. Avoid: parked-ed
/kɪst/
“kissed”
Base: kiss → kissed. Avoid: kissed-ed
/pæst/
“passed”
Base: pass → passed. Avoid: passed-ed
/mɪst/
“missed”
Base: miss → missed. Avoid: missed-ed
/drɛst/
“dressed”
Base: dress → dressed. Avoid: dressed-ed
Intermediate(22 words)
/fɪnɪʃt/
“finished”
Base: finish → finished. Avoid: finished-ed
/wɑʃt/
“washed”
Base: wash → washed. Avoid: washed-ed
/pʊʃt/
“pushed”
Base: push → pushed. Avoid: pushed-ed
/brʌʃt/
“brushed”
Base: brush → brushed. Avoid: brushed-ed
/kræʃt/
“crashed”
Base: crash → crashed. Avoid: crashed-ed
/dænst/
“danced”
Base: dance → danced. Avoid: danced-ed
/dʒʌmpt/
“jumped”
Base: jump → jumped. Avoid: jumped-ed
/taɪpt/
“typed”
Base: type → typed. Avoid: typed-ed
/hoʊpt/
“hoped”
Base: hope → hoped. Avoid: hoped-ed
/waɪpt/
“wiped”
Base: wipe → wiped. Avoid: wiped-ed
/ritʃt/
“reached”
Base: reach → reached. Avoid: reached-ed
/sɜrtʃt/
“searched”
Base: search → searched. Avoid: searched-ed
/mætʃt/
“matched”
Base: match → matched. Avoid: matched-ed
/lɔntʃt/
“launched”
Base: launch → launched. Avoid: launched-ed
/tʌtʃt/
“touched”
Base: touch → touched. Avoid: touched-ed
/krɔst/
“crossed”
Base: cross → crossed. Avoid: crossed-ed
/gɛst/
“guessed”
Base: guess → guessed. Avoid: guessed-ed
/blɛst/
“blessed”
Base: bless → blessed. Avoid: blessed-ed
/rɑkt/
“rocked”
Base: rock → rocked. Avoid: rocked-ed
/ʃɑkt/
“shocked”
Base: shock → shocked. Avoid: shocked-ed
/nɑkt/
“knocked”
Base: knock → knocked. Avoid: knocked-ed
/trækt/
“tracked”
Base: track → tracked. Avoid: tracked-ed
Advanced(22 words)
/əˈkʌmplɪʃt/
“accomplished”
Base: accomplish → accomplished. Avoid: accomplished-ed
/əˈproʊtʃt/
“approached”
Base: approach → approached. Avoid: approached-ed
/dɪˈvɛləpt/
“developed”
Base: develop → developed. Avoid: developed-ed
/ɪˈstæblɪʃt/
“established”
Base: establish → established. Avoid: established-ed
/ˈpʌblɪʃt/
“published”
Base: publish → published. Avoid: published-ed
/rɪˈfrɛʃt/
“refreshed”
Base: refresh → refreshed. Avoid: refreshed-ed
/rɪˈsɜrtʃt/
“researched”
Base: research → researched. Avoid: researched-ed
/strɛtʃt/
“stretched”
Base: stretch → stretched. Avoid: stretched-ed
/swɪtʃt/
“switched”
Base: switch → switched. Avoid: switched-ed
/læft/
“laughed”
Base: laugh → laughed. Avoid: laughed-ed
/ˈpɜrtʃəst/
“purchased”
Base: purchase → purchased. Avoid: purchased-ed
/əˈdrɛst/
“addressed”
Base: address → addressed. Avoid: addressed-ed
/ɪmˈprɛst/
“impressed”
Base: impress → impressed. Avoid: impressed-ed
/ɪkˈsprɛst/
“expressed”
Base: express → expressed. Avoid: expressed-ed
/ˈprɑsɛst/
“processed”
Base: process → processed. Avoid: processed-ed
/dɪˈskʌst/
“discussed”
Base: discuss → discussed. Avoid: discussed-ed
/ɪnˈkrist/
“increased”
Base: increase → increased. Avoid: increased-ed
/dɪˈkrist/
“decreased”
Base: decrease → decreased. Avoid: decreased-ed
/rɪˈlist/
“released”
Base: release → released. Avoid: released-ed
/kəˈlæpst/
“collapsed”
Base: collapse → collapsed. Avoid: collapsed-ed
/rɪˈflɛkt/
“reflected”
Base: reflect → reflected. Avoid: reflected-ed
/rɪˈspɛkt/
“respected”
Base: respect → respected. Avoid: respected-ed
🔊/d/ Sound
66 words
Beginner(22 words)
/pleɪd/
“played”
Base: play → played. Avoid: played-ed
/kɔld/
“called”
Base: call → called. Avoid: called-ed
/lɪvd/
“lived”
Base: live → lived. Avoid: lived-ed
/muvd/
“moved”
Base: move → moved. Avoid: moved-ed
/tɜrnd/
“turned”
Base: turn → turned. Avoid: turned-ed
/ˈoʊpənd/
“opened”
Base: open → opened. Avoid: opened-ed
/kloʊzd/
“closed”
Base: close → closed. Avoid: closed-ed
/lʌvd/
“loved”
Base: love → loved. Avoid: loved-ed
/seɪvd/
“saved”
Base: save → saved. Avoid: saved-ed
/traɪd/
“tried”
Base: try → tried. Avoid: tried-ed
/tɜrnd/
“turned”
Base: turn → turned. Avoid: turned-t
/bɜrnd/
“burned”
Base: burn → burned. Avoid: burned-t
/ɜrnd/
“earned”
Base: earn → earned. Avoid: earned-t
/oʊnd/
“owned”
Base: own → owned. Avoid: owned-t
/snoʊd/
“snowed”
Base: snow → snowed. Avoid: snowed-t
/ʃoʊd/
“showed”
Base: show → showed. Avoid: showed-t
/reɪnd/
“rained”
Base: rain → rained. Avoid: rained-t
/treɪnd/
“trained”
Base: train → trained. Avoid: trained-t
/geɪnd/
“gained”
Base: gain → gained. Avoid: gained-t
/peɪnd/
“pained”
Base: pain → pained. Avoid: pained-t
/traɪd/
“tried”
Base: try → tried. Avoid: tried-t
/kraɪd/
“cried”
Base: cry → cried. Avoid: cried-t
Intermediate(22 words)
/lɜrnd/
“learned”
Base: learn → learned. Avoid: learned-ed
/klaɪmd/
“climbed”
Base: climb → climbed. Avoid: climbed-ed
/klind/
“cleaned”
Base: clean → cleaned. Avoid: cleaned-ed
/drimd/
“dreamed”
Base: dream → dreamed. Avoid: dreamed-ed
/geɪnd/
“gained”
Base: gain → gained. Avoid: gained-ed
/plænd/
“planned”
Base: plan → planned. Avoid: planned-ed
/smaɪld/
“smiled”
Base: smile → smiled. Avoid: smiled-ed
/tʃeɪndʒd/
“changed”
Base: change → changed. Avoid: changed-ed
/əˈraɪvd/
“arrived”
Base: arrive → arrived. Avoid: arrived-ed
/əˈgrid/
“agreed”
Base: agree → agreed. Avoid: agreed-ed
/dɪˈlɪvərd/
“delivered”
Base: deliver → delivered. Avoid: delivered-t
/rɪˈkʌvərd/
“recovered”
Base: recover → recovered. Avoid: recovered-t
/dɪˈskʌvərd/
“discovered”
Base: discover → discovered. Avoid: discovered-t
/ˈgæðərd/
“gathered”
Base: gather → gathered. Avoid: gathered-t
/ˈbɑðərd/
“bothered”
Base: bother → bothered. Avoid: bothered-t
/ˈsʌfərd/
“suffered”
Base: suffer → suffered. Avoid: suffered-t
/ˈɔfərd/
“offered”
Base: offer → offered. Avoid: offered-t
/ˈɛntərd/
“entered”
Base: enter → entered. Avoid: entered-t
/ˈænsərd/
“answered”
Base: answer → answered. Avoid: answered-t
/ˈwʌndərd/
“wondered”
Base: wonder → wondered. Avoid: wondered-t
/ˈkʌvərd/
“covered”
Base: cover → covered. Avoid: covered-t
/ˈfɪgyərd/
“figured”
Base: figure → figured. Avoid: figured-t
Advanced(22 words)
/æbˈzɔrbd/
“absorbed”
Base: absorb → absorbed. Avoid: absorbed-ed
/əˈtʃivd/
“achieved”
Base: achieve → achieved. Avoid: achieved-ed
/bɪˈlivd/
“believed”
Base: believe → believed. Avoid: believed-ed
/ˈbɔroʊd/
“borrowed”
Base: borrow → borrowed. Avoid: borrowed-ed
/dɪˈlɪvərd/
“delivered”
Base: deliver → delivered. Avoid: delivered-ed
/dɪˈskʌvərd/
“discovered”
Base: discover → discovered. Avoid: discovered-ed
/ɪˈmædʒɪnd/
“imagined”
Base: imagine → imagined. Avoid: imagined-ed
/ˈɔrgənaɪzd/
“organized”
Base: organize → organized. Avoid: organized-ed
/ˈrɛkəgnaɪzd/
“recognized”
Base: recognize → recognized. Avoid: recognized-ed
/rɪˈmɛmbərd/
“remembered”
Base: remember → remembered. Avoid: remembered-ed
/ədˈmɪnəstərd/
“administered”
Base: administer → administered. Avoid: administered-t
/kənˈsɪdərd/
“considered”
Base: consider → considered. Avoid: considered-t
/rɪˈmɛmbərd/
“remembered”
Base: remember → remembered. Avoid: remembered-t
/ˌmænyəˈfæktʃərd/
“manufactured”
Base: manufacture → manufactured. Avoid: manufactured-t
/ˌɛndʒəˈnɪrd/
“engineered”
Base: engineer → engineered. Avoid: engineered-t
/ˈtrɛʒərd/
“treasured”
Base: treasure → treasured. Avoid: treasured-t
/ˈmɛʒərd/
“measured”
Base: measure → measured. Avoid: measured-t
/ˈkɑŋkərd/
“conquered”
Base: conquer → conquered. Avoid: conquered-t
/ˈkwɛstʃənd/
“questioned”
Base: question → questioned. Avoid: questioned-t
/ˈspɑnsərd/
“sponsored”
Base: sponsor → sponsored. Avoid: sponsored-t
/ˈslɔtərd/
“slaughtered”
Base: slaughter → slaughtered. Avoid: slaughtered-t
/ˈwɑndərd/
“wandered”
Base: wander → wandered. Avoid: wandered-t
🔄/ɪd/ Sound
66 words
Beginner(22 words)
/ˈwɑntɪd/
“wanted”
Base: want → wanted. Avoid: want-ed
/ˈnidɪd/
“needed”
Base: need → needed. Avoid: need-ed
/ˈstɑrtɪd/
“started”
Base: start → started. Avoid: start-ed
/ˈɛndɪd/
“ended”
Base: end → ended. Avoid: end-ed
/ˈweɪtɪd/
“waited”
Base: wait → waited. Avoid: wait-ed
/ˈrɛstɪd/
“rested”
Base: rest → rested. Avoid: rest-ed
/ˈtɛstɪd/
“tested”
Base: test → tested. Avoid: test-ed
/ˈædɪd/
“added”
Base: add → added. Avoid: add-ed
/ˈkaʊntɪd/
“counted”
Base: count → counted. Avoid: count-ed
/ˈpeɪntɪd/
“painted”
Base: paint → painted. Avoid: paint-ed
/ˈhʌntɪd/
“hunted”
Base: hunt → hunted. Avoid: hunt-d
/ˈlɪftɪd/
“lifted”
Base: lift → lifted. Avoid: lift-d
/ˈʃɪftɪd/
“shifted”
Base: shift → shifted. Avoid: shift-d
/ˈgɪftɪd/
“gifted”
Base: gift → gifted. Avoid: gift-d
/ˈtɛstɪd/
“tested”
Base: test → tested. Avoid: test-d
/ˈrɛstɪd/
“rested”
Base: rest → rested. Avoid: rest-d
/ˈlæstɪd/
“lasted”
Base: last → lasted. Avoid: last-d
/ˈpoʊstɪd/
“posted”
Base: post → posted. Avoid: post-d
/ˈhoʊstɪd/
“hosted”
Base: host → hosted. Avoid: host-d
/ˈsɔrtɪd/
“sorted”
Base: sort → sorted. Avoid: sort-d
/ˈmɛltɪd/
“melted”
Base: melt → melted. Avoid: melt-d
/ˈsɔltɪd/
“salted”
Base: salt → salted. Avoid: salt-d
Intermediate(22 words)
/ˈvɪzɪtɪd/
“visited”
Base: visit → visited. Avoid: visit-ed
/dɪˈsaɪdɪd/
“decided”
Base: decide → decided. Avoid: decide-ed
/ɪnˈvaɪtɪd/
“invited”
Base: invite → invited. Avoid: invite-ed
/kriˈeɪtɪd/
“created”
Base: create → created. Avoid: create-ed
/ˈgrædʒueɪtɪd/
“graduated”
Base: graduate → graduated. Avoid: graduate-ed
/ˈsɛləbreɪtɪd/
“celebrated”
Base: celebrate → celebrated. Avoid: celebrate-ed
/ˈprɪntɪd/
“printed”
Base: print → printed. Avoid: print-ed
/ˈpɔɪntɪd/
“pointed”
Base: point → pointed. Avoid: point-ed
/ˈplæntɪd/
“planted”
Base: plant → planted. Avoid: plant-ed
/ˈtritɪd/
“treated”
Base: treat → treated. Avoid: treat-ed
/kəmˈpitɪd/
“competed”
Base: compete → competed. Avoid: compet-d
/kəmˈplitɪd/
“completed”
Base: complete → completed. Avoid: complet-d
/dɪˈlitɪd/
“deleted”
Base: delete → deleted. Avoid: delet-d
/ʌpˈdeɪtɪd/
“updated”
Base: update → updated. Avoid: updat-d
/ˈloʊkeɪtɪd/
“located”
Base: locate → located. Avoid: locat-d
/ˈdoʊneɪtɪd/
“donated”
Base: donate → donated. Avoid: donat-d
/ˈɑpəreɪtɪd/
“operated”
Base: operate → operated. Avoid: operat-d
/ˈdʒɛnəreɪtɪd/
“generated”
Base: generate → generated. Avoid: generat-d
/ˈɛstəmeɪtɪd/
“estimated”
Base: estimate → estimated. Avoid: estimat-d
/rɪˈpitɪd/
“repeated”
Base: repeat → repeated. Avoid: repeat-d
/dɪˈfitɪd/
“defeated”
Base: defeat → defeated. Avoid: defeat-d
/ˈsitɪd/
“seated”
Base: seat → seated. Avoid: seat-d
Advanced(22 words)
/ˈkɑmpləkeɪtɪd/
“complicated”
Base: complicate → complicated. Avoid: complicate-ed
/ˈkɑnsəntreɪtɪd/
“concentrated”
Base: concentrate → concentrated. Avoid: concentrate-ed
/ˈdɛdəkeɪtɪd/
“dedicated”
Base: dedicate → dedicated. Avoid: dedicate-ed
/ˈɛdʒəkeɪtɪd/
“educated”
Base: educate → educated. Avoid: educate-ed
/ˈfæsəneɪtɪd/
“fascinated”
Base: fascinate → fascinated. Avoid: fascinate-ed
/ˈɪntəgreɪtɪd/
“integrated”
Base: integrate → integrated. Avoid: integrate-ed
/pɑrˈtɪsəpeɪtɪd/
“participated”
Base: participate → participated. Avoid: participate-ed
/ˈsɛpəreɪtɪd/
“separated”
Base: separate → separated. Avoid: separate-ed
/trænsˈleɪtɪd/
“translated”
Base: translate → translated. Avoid: translate-ed
/əˈpriʃieɪtɪd/
“appreciated”
Base: appreciate → appreciated. Avoid: appreciate-ed
/ɪnˈvɛstəgeɪtɪd/
“investigated”
Base: investigate → investigated. Avoid: investigat-d
/koʊˈɔrdəneɪtɪd/
“coordinated”
Base: coordinate → coordinated. Avoid: coordinat-d
/əˈkjuməleɪtɪd/
“accumulated”
Base: accumulate → accumulated. Avoid: accumulat-d
/ɑrˈtɪkjəleɪtɪd/
“articulated”
Base: articulate → articulated. Avoid: articulat-d
/fəˈsɪləteɪtɪd/
“facilitated”
Base: facilitate → facilitated. Avoid: facilitat-d
/ɔˈθɛntəkeɪtɪd/
“authenticated”
Base: authenticate → authenticated. Avoid: authenticat-d
/ˈɪnəveɪtɪd/
“innovated”
Base: innovate → innovated. Avoid: innovat-d
/nɪˈgoʊʃieɪtɪd/
“negotiated”
Base: negotiate → negotiated. Avoid: negotiat-d
/ɪˈlɪməneɪtɪd/
“eliminated”
Base: eliminate → eliminated. Avoid: eliminat-d
/əˈkɑmədeɪtɪd/
“accommodated”
Base: accommodate → accommodated. Avoid: accommodat-d
/ˈdɛmənstreɪtɪd/
“demonstrated”
Base: demonstrate → demonstrated. Avoid: demonstrat-d
/ˈkælkjəleɪtɪd/
“calculated”
Base: calculate → calculated. Avoid: calculat-d